Volume 1 issue 2 December 2021
Impact of Conservation Education on Zoo Tourists in Selected Zoos in Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Zoo education programmes have both positive and negative impacts on zoo visitors. The paper assessed the impact of zoo education programmes on zoo visitors in three selected zoos in Nigeria. A set of structured questionnaires was purposively administered to one hundred visitors in each zoo who have paid at least a visit previously to each of the zoos, under the pre-test and post-test research design. Data obtained were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Results of zoo visitors’ pre-test and post-test on conservation knowledge/awareness shows that parameter such as “I am part of the solutions to nature’s problems” was negative in PH Zoo, positive in UI Zoo and negative in Kano Zoo. The t-test result shows there are significant differences in pre-test and post-test scores of tourists’ knowledge about the functions of zoos in PH Zoo (-4.468, P<0.05), -2.006, P<0.05in UI Zoo and -5.391, P<0.05 in Kano Zoo. There are significant differences in pre-test and post-test scores of tourists’ conservation knowledge (8.262, P < 0.05) in PH Zoo and -3.981, P < 0.05 in UI Zoo. Kruskal-Wallis’ result shows that there are significant differences in tourists’ test scores for knowledge about functions of zoos (𝒳2 = 49.830, P < 0.05) and conservation knowledge (𝒳2 = 65.716, P < 0.05) in the three zoos. It is imperative that the content of zoo education programmes and method of delivery be improved in order to strengthen the positive impacts of zoo conservation education on zoo visitors.
Assessing Hospitality Services in Obudu Mountain Resort, Nigeria
Odunlami Samuel Sunday; Wali Chinedu Nyedika2
ABSTRACT
Hospitality services and efficient service delivery play vital roles in enhancing tourist experiences at tourist destinations. This study assessed the Hospitality services in Obudu Mountain Resort (OMR). Data for the study were obtained through in-in-depth interviews personal observations, and administration of two sets of self-structured questionnaires. The first set of questionnaires was administered to thirty-five hospitality staff of the resort with a minimum of three years of working experience. The second set was administered to randomly selected 120 tourists who have spent a minimum of two nights in the accommodation facilities of the resort. Findings from the study show that services provided by the hospitality unit of Obudu Mountain Resort include accommodation as noted by 100% of the staff respondents, food and beverages (100%), entertainment (92.0%), and laundry (84.0%). Also, accommodation service was rated good by most respondents (72.7%), 18.2% rated it poor and 9.1% rated it excellent. Also, laundry service was rated good by the majority of tourist respondents (67.3%) while 32.7% rated it poorly. Similarly, the Food/beverage service was rated good by the majority of the respondents (62.5%), 30.5% rated the service excellent while laundry service was rated poor by 16.5% of the tourist respondents. For effective hospitality service delivery in the resort, it is important to strengthen areas of weaknesses while improving further on the areas of strength.
An Intervention Study of Deltamethrin Impregnation of Lower Efficacy of Used Llins and Local Mosquito Nets in Ohnpinkone Ward, Nant Nhyin Village, Banmauk Township, Sagaing Region in Myanmar
Maung Maung Mya1; Myat Phone Kyaw1; Kyaw Thu Soe2; Pyae Linn Aung2;
Than Tun3; Nwe New Aye3; Ye Kyaw Thu2; Swan Htet Aung2; Kyaw Kyaw Linn4
ABSTRACT
Long-Lasting Impregnated bed nets have been distributed in all villages in Myanmar. The insecticide efficacy should last for 3 years and re-distribution is necessary, but re-distribution was not covered to all townships in 2019. An intervention study was conducted in Ohnpinkone as test ward and Bwedarkone as control ward of Nant Nhyin village, Banmauk township, from December 2019 to October 2020. In the Ohnpinkone ward, all used LLINs with low efficacy of insecticide and traditional nets from households were impregnated with Deltamethrin at the rate of 55mg/meter square and compared with non intervention ward Bwedarkone for 10 months. There were 10 P. falciparum cases in Ohnpinkone and 1 P. falciparum case in the Bwedarkone ward in the 2019 before intervention. After intervention in Ohnpinkone, the malaria cases were going down to 0. There were 3 malaria-positive cases were found in the control ward Bwedarkone, 66.67% higher up. Main vector An. minimus was found higher number in both Ohnpinkone (137) and Bwedarkone (109) wards by outdoor and indoor light trap catch methods. Moderate number of An. Barbirostris (126) and An. Vagus (104) were observed in the test ward and An. vagus, An. philippinensis in the control ward. After intervention, no malaria cases and vectors were caught up by indoor bedroom light traps in the test ward, showing 100% recovery till October, although malaria vectors were observed in the indoor light trap in the control ward. Therefore, Deltamethrin impregnation to used LLINs nets with expiry or lower efficacy, become higher bio-efficacy again. It is a very useful and cost-effective tool to control malaria transmission and man vector contact as well as reduced vector mosquitoes
Contribution of Cocoa-Based Agroforest to Household Livelihood in Emure Local Government Area Ekiti State
Odiaka, I. E.; Kolade, D.; Adebisi-Fagbohungbe, T. A.; Ganiyu, O. A.; Abdulazeez
F. I.; Haastrup, N. O.; Oladipupo-Alade, E. O.; Oyedele, M. D.
ABSTRACT
This study assesses the contribution of cocoa-based agroforestry to household livelihood in Emure Local Government Area, Ekiti State. The study was carried out in six farm settlements that were purposively selected in the Local Government. One hundred and twenty pre-tested questionnaires were randomly administered to respondents for the collection of data in the study. The study revealed that 44.17% of the respondents are within the age bracket of 51-70 years while only 5.83% are above 70 years. The majority (41.67%) of respondents have primary education while only 10% are graduates of higher institutions. The result also revealed that 34.17% of respondents operate farm sizes of between 16-20 hectares of land followed by those with over 20 hectares of land (20.83 %). 76.67 % of respondents have farming experience of 11 years and above, while 70.73% of respondents acquired their land through inheritance. The result on agroforestry practices revealed that 29.34% of the respondents are involved in mixed cropping, perennial crop combination, and shifting cultivation respectively. Tree species retained by cocoa agroforestry farmers in the order of preference among others are Terminalia superba (6.76 %), Glicidia sepium (6.17%), Milicia excelsa (5.90%), Terminalia ivorensis (5.57%), and Antiaris africana (5.04%). While species such as Mangifera indica, Cola nitida, Citrus spp., Elaeis guniness and Cola acuminate are the fruit trees mostly planted or retained. Food crops mostly cultivated by the respondents are Colocasia esculenta, Musa paradisiaca and Musa spp. Natural products usually harvested in the cocoa plantation include among others Archantina marginata, Agaricus spp., Thaumatococcus daniellii, Senecio biafrae and Aframomum melegueta. The result also revealed that farmers retain trees on their farms for the following reasons; provision of shade, timber.
Demonstration of Fungicides for Management of Faba Bean Gall (Olipidium viciae Kusano) Disease in North Shwa Zone of Central Ethiopia
Sisay Argaye; Belachew Bekele*
ABSTRACT
Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is the most important legume crop in Ethiopia and the most single subsistence crop after the staple cereals. However, its production is hampered by various biotic, abiotic, and socio-economic factors. Among the biotic constraints, a newly emerging disease known as Faba bean gall (Olpidium viciae) has become a serious threat to faba bean production in the country. Thus, a field experiment was conducted to demonstrate effective fungicides to manage faba bean gall under natural infection. Two fungicides viz; Noble 25 WP and Ridomil 80 WP were demonstrated alongside the control plot. The result revealed that the use of Noble 25 WP and Ridomil 80 WP reduces fava bean gall explained by reducing AUDPC and percentage severity index (PSI) as well as higher yield. Noble 25 WP recorded the lowest faba bean gall PSI (15%) and AUDPC (855%/days). A higher yield of 58.04% Noble 25 WP and 18.43% Ridomil 80 WP sprayed plots were recorded compared to control. A marginal rate of return of 681.90% and 678.16% were obtained from plots sprayed with Nobble 25WP and Ridomil 80 WP fungicides. Thus, those fungicides will be used as a component in the integrated management of this disease.
Lead, Cadmium and Arsenic Contamination Levels of Crops Produced at Kasavubu Vegetable Perimeter/Saio "The Case of Amaranthus hybridus"
Ngadi Nsandji Ruffin1, Kanda Mwamba Aloys2, Mulaja Kyela Crispin3, Idrissa
Assumani Zabo4, Mukala Wa Muluaba Célestin5, Buluku Ekwakwa Alain6,
Mukendi Mukendi Clément7
ABSTRACT
The study aims at evaluating the level of vegetable crops’
contamination located along high-frequency motorized roadways.
The useful area for a secure culture will be determined according
to the threshold of toxic metal traces. The findings show that: the
level of vegetable crops contamination varies according to the
distance separating the roadways from the cultivated plants; the
lead rate is inversely proportional to the distance which separates
the vegetable crops from Kasavubu and Saio roadways. In the soil,
lead concentrations are higher than in vegetables and irrigation
water. The non-soil renewal after the harvest period could justify
Livelihood Diversification in Relation to The Use of Forests Products by Local Communities of The Nuba Mountains of South Kordofan State, Sudan
Ismail Mirghani Ismail1; Mohamed El Mukhtar Ballal2
ABSTRACT
The Nuba Mountains in the South Kordofan State of Sudan are endowed with a tremendous legacy of traditional knowledge and rich diversity of tree species and related products that are used for domestic purposes, as income sources, and for export. The objective of the present study was to assess the importance of traditional knowledge in the management of forests and their products for improved livelihoods of the local communities in the state. The study was conducted at the Kalogi locality in the Eastern Nuba Mountains. The area is covered by several isolated hills surrounded by clay and sandy Kalogi-clay plains characterized by a number of natural seasonal watercourses and good natural drainage. A participatory rural appraisal survey was carried out whereby focused group discussions and interviews were conducted in a number of villages. Data and information on indigenous trees, their relative importance, and values in relation to the livelihoods of the local peoples were collected. The results showed high diversity in forest types and species and a wide variety of NWFPs belonging to 24 different families. The frequency indices for a number of species range between 64-70 percent. The study has determined the number and percentage of woody species in each use category. In this respect, the study showed that the species with the highest use-value were mainly the gum-producing species, namely Acacia senegal, Acacia seyal, and Acacia polyacantha, in addition to some food and medicinal plants. Important Value Indices (IVI) as high as 0.95 for edible fruits, medicinal materials, and gum products were reached. The importance of the different tree species as measured by fidelity level for a particular usage by the local people was also determined.
Marketing and Utilization of Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) H.J. Lam) in Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria
Leoskali Nguuma Sambe1*, Nguemo Anita Aondoana2, Lucia Nkiru Nsiogu3
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to determine the marketing and utilization of Dacryodes edulis in Makurdi metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria. Purposive sampling and simple random sampling techniques were used to elicit data from respondents. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant information from marketers of Dacryodes edulis fruit. Descriptive statistics, Gross margin, and Gini coefficient were used to analyze the result. The study established that the basic uses of Dacryodes edulis fruit in Makurdi metropolis are as a source of food, medicine, and income. The majority of the marketers (61.5%) do not belong to any association while 38.5% indicated they belong to one association or another. The marketing of Dacryodes edulis is a profitable business venture that is mostly dominated by a female. Weekly profits made from the marketing of Dacryodes edulis in the three markets sample (Wurukum Market, Modern Market, and Wadata Market) are N 29,842, N 29,727, and N 27,830 respectively. Marketing of Dacryodes edulis is faced with the challenges of perishability, poor transportation facilities, and lack of capital. To address the problem of capital, marketers of Dacryodes edulis should form co-operatives as this would increase their opportunities in accessing loans from financial organizations.
Morphometric Characterization and Length-length Relationship of Jagora spp. Collected from Tilapia Pond
Reyes, A. T.; De Dios, J. P.; Macasaquit, A. L.; dela Cruz, J. A. D.
ABSTRACT
Fifty (50) pieces of Jagora spp. collected from tilapia pond
in General Tinio, Nueva Ecija, Philippines were subjected to
shell morphometrics in order to evaluate its length-length
relationship. The shell morphometrics were presented as
average: Shell length (SL) = 38.40±4.06 mm, Aperture
length (AL) = 12.34±1.41 mm, Whorl height 1 (WH1) =
7.96±1.26 mm, Whorl height 2 (WH2) = 5.84±0.83 mm,
Whorl height 3 (WH3) = 4.58±0.57 mm, Aperture width
(AW) = 6.40±0.89 mm, Whorl width 1 (WW1) = 7.96±1.48
mm, Whorl width 2 (WW2) = 10.60±1.56 mm, Body whorl
width (BWW) = 13.12±1.86 and Interior aperture length
(AILL) = 8.52±1.00 mm. The correlations of SL to all of the
considered morphometrics were strong or the r-value is
from 0.6 to 0.8. The first three highest r values were
recorded between SL-AL, SL-WH1, and SL-AW, thus, the
value of AL, WH1, and AW could be best predicted given
that SL is known.
Winter Rye Spike Parameters in the Westsik's Crop Rotation Long term Field Experiment
Ágnes Hadhazy1; Waleed A.E.; Abido2, István Henzsel1
ABSTRACT
Research work was carried out in Westsik’s crop rotation long-term field experiment during the 2018 and 2019 seasons. The Westsik’s crop rotation long-term field experiment includes fifteen crop rotations (CR), but this study focused on only seven crop rotations (CRs) i.e. (I, VI, VII, X, XI, XIV, and XV). The main purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of long-term crop rotations on rye spike components. Results showed that the effect of the applied straw manure and lupine green manure without chemical fertilizer resulted in the lowest results at every analyzed spike parameter in both years. The fallow was able to result in better spike parameters than the straw manure or lupine green manure without chemical fertilizer. The farmyard manure without chemical fertilizer was more effective than straw manure or lupine green manure without chemical fertilizer at all analyzed spike parameters. The results of correlation analysis indicated a close, positive correlation between the seed weight/spike and spike length, spike weight, and the 1000 seed weight. While the correlation was medium, positive between the seed weight/spike and spike weight in the 2018 season. Moreover, the correlation was close, positive between the seed weight/spike and all other analyzed spike parameters in the 2019 season.
Attitude to Agricultural Enterprise Among Students of Tertiary Institution in Ibadan, Oyo State
Olayemi Olabode Oluseye1; Ajanaku Adenike Olubunmi 1; Odeyale Olajumoke
Celinah 1; Marizu Josephine Tayo1; Ogunwale Oluwatobi Grace 1; Adebayo
Adekunle Segun1; Awonuga Christopher Oluwakorede 1; Emmanuel Ileri-oluwa
Busayo 2
ABSTRACT
Agriculture is a known profession in Nigeria and the largest employer of labor in the country, so therefore it’s worthwhile to investigate attitude to agricultural enterprise among students of tertiary institutions in Ibadan, Oyo State. Multi-stage sampling techniques were used to select 112 respondents for the study. Data was obtained through the use of a structured questionnaire from the respondents and descriptive statistics such as mean, frequency tables, and percentages were used to describe data while inferential statistical tools such as PPMC (Pearson Product Moment Correlation) were used to analyze the hypothesis of the study. The result showed that the majority of the respondents were in the age bracket of 21-25 years, also were males and single with the majority of the respondents having low agricultural enterprise preference and also an unfavorable attitude toward agricultural enterprise in the study area. There is a significant relationship between willingness to an established agricultural enterprise of the respondents and attitude to agricultural enterprise among respondents in the study area. It is, therefore, recommended that government and non-governmental organizations should render special assistance to students studying agriculture upon their graduation inform of granting loans or scholarships to the students who show a positive attitude towards agriculture and establish an agricultural enterprise.
The Residual Effect of Different Levels of Rice Mill Ash on Maize Soybean Intercrop
Nweke, I. A. 1; Ngonadi E. N. 2; Maduekwe, C. C. 2; Aniamalu, J. M. I.2
ABSTRACT
A two-year (2013 and 2014) field trial was conducted at the experimental farm of Crop Science and Horticulture Department, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University to study the residual effect of different fertility levels of rice mill ash on maize-soybean intercrop. In order to achieve the objective of the study, the experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) comprising of nine (9) treatments and three (3) replications. The treatments were sole maize (SMO), sole soybean (SBO), maize/soybean intercrop without application of rice mill ash (IMBO), soybean + 10 t/ha rice mill ash (SB10), sole maize + 10 t/ha rice mill ash (SM10), maize-soybean intercrop + 10 t/ha rice mill ash (IMB10), sole maize + 20 t/ha rice mill ash (SM20), sole soybean + 20 t/ha rice mill ash (SB20) and maize/soybean intercrop + 20 t/ha rice mill ash (IMB20). Data generated were subjected to analysis of variance of which the result of the study showed that for 2 years under study, incorporated rice mill ash (RMA) and intercropping system significantly increased the soil productivity, yield, and yield components of maize and soybean studied. The application of rice mill ash at the rate of 20 t/ha competitively among other treatment increased fertility of the studied soil and the yield parameter assessed across the sole and intercrop. This however declined in the 2nd year (2014) result but the residual impact was strong though relatively alike and statistically equal for 10 t/ha and 20 t/ha RMA results. The equivalent and relative yield of both maize and soybeans in the intercrop were found to be greatly influenced relative to their individual sole yield results. Findings from the study equally showed an intercrop advantage with land equivalent ratio (LER) for the 2 years study ranged 1.31 – 1.94 for 2013-year planting and 1.81 – 2.74 for the 2014-year planting. With this result, farmers within the area are encouraged to adopt this production system for soil productivity improvement and efficient land management.
In Support of Biopesticides, Bioheat And Anaerobic Fermentation in Sustainable Agricultural Production in Nigerian Soils
Nweke Ikechukwu Aloysius1; Chukwuma Roseline Tochukwu2
ABSTRACT
The sustainability of crop production in Nigeria with much population increase and critical environmental challenges is very problematic. Intense rainfall and high temperature experienced in the area create good condition for various type of pathogens and pest to thrive and cause different kinds of diseases to crop plants. Thus, limiting production period for most crops in the area. Synthetic or chemical pesticides used to confront these disease problems have been found to have pronounced negative effect on human health, natural enemies, environmental and ecosystem balance. Some of the active ingredients of synthetic pesticides have been found to be carcinogenic, thus a threat to human life. While increased use of the synthetic pesticides have been found to cause disappearance of bees and some other useful insects responsible for pollination. Biopesticides offer better alternative to synthetic pesticides due to their low toxicity, biodegradability and very low persistence in the environment. They are readily available and inexpensive, unlike the synthetic that has not been sustainable at the farmer’s level. Increased awareness of the public on the dangers pose by synthetic pesticides on the soil, safety and quality of food have hastened the use of biopesticides in agricultural production. This is very important for increased food production to checkmate the population increase as well as income generation and delivery of healthier food to the public.
A Study on Problems on Kiwi Cultivation and Marketing at Solukhumbu District, Nepal
Aavash Adhikari 1*, Sovit Parajuli1, Arjun Subedi1, Purushottam Dhungana1,
Krishna Prasad Thapaliya2
ABSTRACT
As a promising high-value fruit crop, Kiwi is getting popularity among the Nepalese farmers for having comparative advantage both in terms of climatic suitability and having export potential. A sound understanding of the problems faced by the Kiwi growers can help concerned authorities to devise further plans and programs to further potentiate the production and income from Kiwi cultivation. The research was conducted in Solududhkunda Municipality and Thulung Dudhkoshi, Nechasalyan Rural Municipality of Solukhumbu district of Nepal, with the objective of ranking the major problems of Kiwi cultivation and marketing in those areas. A survey research design was used for the study. Primary data for the household survey were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire as well as KII was also used. Household-level data from 90 households (30 households from each municipality) were sampled using a simple random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics were used for the analysis of data. The average area under Kiwi cultivation was found 23 ropani, the average plant per farmer was 198 and the average age of the Kiwi was 2.94 years. 26% of the respondents have their family members involved in foreign employment and 76% of respondent’s major occupation was found to be agriculture. 65% of the farmers haven’t got any training on Kiwi cultivation and 67% of the farmer haven’t done soil tests of the field. Lack of funds to build cemented T-bar pillar was found to be a major problem while lack of knowledge on cultivation practices, lack of quality saplings, marketing was ranked respectively. Similarly, problems on marketing were found to be: 1. lack of transportation facility, 2. lack of cold storage, 3. lack of knowledge on value addition and product diversification, 4. untimely payback of money.
The Effectiveness of Psycho-Education Training in The Management of Depression Among Menopausal Rural Farmers in Ibadan Less City, Nigeria
Falaye, Ajibola Omolola1 and Tokede, Abiodun Morenike2
ABSTRACT
Depression is detrimental to the well-being of human beings. Reports have shown that menopausal rural farmers in Ibadan less city exhibited a bothersome level of depression. Previous scholarly works on depression have centered on their prevalence and causes among women, with little attention and interventions, to using Psycho-education Training (PET). This study, therefore, was designed to determine the effectiveness of PET in the management of depressive symptoms among menopausal rural farmers in Ibadan less city. The moderating effects of self-esteem and life events were also examined. The study adopted the pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental design. The purposive sampling procedure was adopted. Two local government areas (Ido and Ona-ara) in Ibadan, from the existing six, were randomly selected. Two rural areas (Ajobo and Butubutu) were purposely selected based on the prevalence of menopausal depression. The instruments used were a self-developed Life events scale (α = .71), Rosenberg Self-Esteem (α = .71) and Beck Depression (α = .95) inventories. Participants who scored 10-20 on the Fann Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Depression Screening tool were selected. The participants were randomly assigned to PET (17) and control (15) groups. The intervention lasted 10 weeks. Data were analyzed using the Analysis of covariance and Scheffe posthoc test at 0.05 level of significance. The participants’ age was 48.3 ± 3.56 years, and 45% were married. There was a significant main effect of treatment in the management of depressive symptoms in menopausal rural farmers. The participants in PET had the lowest mean score.
Use of Different Bio Rational Compounds for Storage- product Pests Control
Sovit Parajuli1*, Aavash Adhikari1, Devesish Bhandari1, Sandip Paudel1,
Purushottam Dhungana1, Dipesh Oli1
ABSTRACT
Development of insecticidal and fungicidal resistance, damage to non-target organisms, and treating acute and chronic effects to humans and the environment have created a need to embrace bio-rational measures over chemical control against storage-product pests. Several species and strains of pests affect storage grains resulting in qualitative and quantitative loss. The losses of such pests have been found to be about 9% in developed countries and up to 20% in developing countries. The study assessed the bio-rational measures such as the use of microbial, pheromones and food attractants, natural enemies, botanicals, and biological control that can be adopted alternately over chemical pesticides to suppress and control such storage-product pests. Rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae), Khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium), Angoumois grain moth (Rhyzopertha dominica), Pulse beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis), Red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum), Potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella), Long headed flour beetle (Latheticus oryzae) are some storage-product pests. Different pests, including Weevil (Sitophilus spp.), Lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica), Drugstore beetle (Stegobium paniceum), Cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus spp.), and Angoumois grain moth (Sitotroga cerealella), were effectively controlled using a parasitoid Theocolax elegans. Application of essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus (Stapf) and Cymbopogon nardus (Rendle) for the control of Cowpea bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)) on rice grains (Oryza sativa) showed retardation of their oviposition and F1 emergence compared to a controlled experiment. 100% mortality to Sarocladium oryzae and R. dominica was observed after the application of Cucurbita.