Volume 3 Issue 2 April 2024
Effect of Ginger and Cloves Fortification on the Microbial, Proximate, Sensory and Bioactive Constituents of Pito
ABSTRACT
Pito is a sorghum-based beverage widely consumed in Nigeria and some parts of Africa, but the quality of the beverage has not been well documented. This study therefore investigated the effect of fortification on the quality of fermented pito. Different samples of pito were prepared; 100% sorghum (control), 75% sorghum +15% cloves + 10% ginger and 65% sorghum + 20% cloves + 15% ginger. The microbial, proximate, sensory and bioactive constituents of the pito samples were determined. Data was analyzed using ANOVA at p < 0.05. Highest bacterial, fungal and coliform counts were recorded in the100% sorghum pito. Among the isolates, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the predominant with percentage occurrence ranging from 84.75 to 100% in 100% sorghum pito and 65% sorghum + 20% cloves +15% ginger fortified pito respectively. Highest fat, protein and fiber content was recorded in the pito produced with 75% sorghum + 15% cloves + 10% ginger. The tannin, alkaloids, flavonoids and phenol constituents of the 75% sorghum + 15% cloves + 10% ginger fortified pito are significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the rest of the pito samples. Moreover, the sensory scores with respect to colour, taste and overall acceptability of the 75% sorghum + 15% cloves + 10% ginger fortified pito was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the rest of the pito samples. Fortifying sorghum with cloves and ginger at the right proportion during pito preparation will help in meeting the microbiological, nutritional, sensory quality and health needs of consumers.
Investigating the Role of Geospatial Technologies in Enhancing Precision Agriculture: An Exploration of Productivity Optimization and Environmental Sustainability
Molua Ogom Collins
ABSTRACT
This study investigated the impact of geospatial technologies in precision agriculture to increase resource
efficiency and reduce environmental impact through mixed methods. Farmers developed concepts were
also analyzed. A quantitative analysis of studies found that the adoption rate of GPS-GIS technology is
increasing among farmers, and essential improvements in soil nutrient utilization and crop yields were
found under precision agricultural practices. Qualitative insights revealed multidimensional advantages and
challenges associated with using technology, highlighting the role of systems and supports. Findings provide valuable evidence for existing knowledge and advocate integrated approaches and collaborative efforts to advance sustainable agricultural practices. The study concluded and provided suggestions for future research and policy development, emphasizing the significance of innovation, resilience, and stakeholder engagement in creating the future of precision agriculture.
Dynamics of Crop-Pest Interactions and Variability in Economic Injury Thresholds in a Diverse Cropping Environment
Ukpene, Anthony Ossai1 and Konyeme, Thelma Ewere2
ABSTRACT
This research investigated the complex interplay between crop-pest dynamics and variations in economic
injury levels, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of these critical factors in agriculture.
Adopting a mixed-methods approach, the study integrated ecological and economic perspectives, utilizing
field experiments with diverse crops, pest species, and Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies.
Ecological measurements for temperature, precipitation, soil health, and biodiversity indices, were collected
to explain the environmental context. Economic injury levels were assessed by quantifying crop yield, market
value, and pest control costs, offering insights into the economic viability of different pest management
approaches. The results revealed diverse ecological dynamics across experimental plots, highlighting the
influence of environmental factors on pest populations. Economic injury levels demonstrated the economic
consequences of pest damage, with implications for decision-making in pest control strategies. Stakeholder
interviews reflected positive perceptions toward IPM, emphasizing its practical benefits in sustainable
agriculture. Quantitative evaluation of IPM outcomes showcased reductions in pest populations, improved
crop yields, and economic benefits, supporting the efficacy of integrated approaches. In conclusion, this
research contributed valuable insights into the holistic understanding of crop-pest dynamics. The findings
suggested a robust approach when considering both ecological and economic factors. The outstanding
perceptions of stakeholders towards IPM underscored its potential as a sustainable pest management
strategy. This research serves as a foundation for future studies in optimizing pest management practices,
contributing to the broader knowledge in agricultural science.
Ecological Assessment of the Wood Vegetation of Rashad District, Nuba Mountains, Sudan
Ismail Mirghani Ismail1* and Alawia Abdalla ELawad2
ABSTRACT
The objective of the present study is to analyze the phytosociological characteristics and the diversity
patterns of woody plants in Rashad district. The study was conducted in selected 6 vegetation sites.
Important Value Index (IVI) and density were used to estimate the phytosociological characteristics, the
Shannon index to measure the plant diversity and the Pielou index for species equitability. During the study
period, a total of 64 species, representing 39 genera from 17 families, were recorded. The phytosociological
characteristics revealed that Dichrostachys cinerea, Balanites aegyptiaca and Vachellia seyal var. seyal
dominated woody species in sites of clay plains with IVI values 180.1, 128 and 116.4 respectively. While
Terminalia leiocarpa, Boswellia papyrifera and Adenium obesum dominated woody species in hilly sites of
rocky soil with IVI values (45.76), (45.38) and (43.97) respectively. The distribution pattern revealed that
54% species showed aggregated distribution, while 46% were randomly distributed. The highest density was
766 stem/ha recorded in site 6. Species richness varied through different sites; the highest number of
species was 44, recorded in community 4. The highest values of Shannon diversity index and equitability
index were in community 4. The highest similarity was recorded between site 3 and site 4 (50.9%) and the
lowest (17.9%) between site 1 and site 2. Biodiversity indices relatively increased with increment of
elevation.
Bamboo Cultivation as a Sustainable Agroforestry Practice: Balancing Environmental Conservation and Economic Benefits in Nigeria
Ukpene, Anthony Ossai
ABSTRACT
This study examined bamboo cultivation in different ecological zones in Nigeria with the objective of
assessing its economic viability, ecological benefits, and associated challenges. Objectives included
identifying the characteristics of the experimental zones, appraising bamboo tree parameters, assessing the
economic benefits as well as the ecological benefits, and identifying constraints and opportunities.
Methodologically, experimental sites were categorized based on region, agro-climatic zone, bamboo
species, soil type, and cultivation practices. Measurement parameters encompassed soil pH, organic matter,
nutrient levels, bamboo height, diameter, biomass accumulation, and environmental variables, monitored
using specific instruments. There were variations in data across regions: the North emphasizing traditional
uses, the South-East focusing on commercial applications, and the South-West adopting an integrated
approach. Economic analysis indicated varying income generation, job creation, and value addition, with the
South-East demonstrating the highest economic returns. Ecological benefits included soil conservation,
carbon sequestration, and biodiversity enhancement, varying across the various regions. Recommendations
involve regular validation, stakeholder collaboration, policy development, market and infrastructure
investments, financial support, technical training programs, land tenure policies, and continuous
monitoring. The paper concludes that bamboo cultivation holds considerable potential in Nigeria for
sustainable growth, economic development, and environmental resilience.