Wheat has a significant role in the country’s economy and food supply. It is the fourth most widely grown
cereal crop in the country, after tef, maize, and sorghum. The foliar diseases like vitz, rusts, septoria leaf
blotch, and powdery mildew, as well as spike diseases like Fusarium head blight, foot (eyespot caused by
Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (Fron) Dei.), and root (Take-all caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis
var. tritici Walker) that affect most of Ethiopia’s wheat-growing regions, including the West Arsi and Arsi
monocropping wheat belts. Surveys were carried out to track the severity and incidence of the disease,
identify the rapid disease inoculum, guide research efforts to develop proactive and reactive management
solutions, and help farmers apply chemical control measures. In two possible zones, 72 fields were
evaluated. In each survey district, the surveys were conducted along the main roadways and easily accessible
routes, with stops spaced 5–10 km apart. At each stop interval, three to five stops were made along a
diagonal path in each wheat field. Unknown and Kubsa were the most widely planted wheat types in the
districts accounting 34.7% and 18% of the total, respectively. Higher incidence levels of yellow rust, ranging
from 20 to 100%, were discovered in the examined area. 87.5% of the evaluated wheat fields had yellow
rust incidence ranging 0–60%, 0–40%, and 0–40% of the evaluated fields, respectively, the foliar diseases
yellow rust, stem rust, and septoria leaf blotch were detected. The severity of these diseases varied from 0
to 50 S, 0 to 20 S, and 00 to 85, respectively. Yellow rust is the most common of the three foliar diseases,
hence efforts to prevent it in potential areas must be prioritized.